Calculation of Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Estimation of Values - Essay Example The accompanying information are considered not substantial for investigation: results that were accounted for wrongly (revealing blunders, for example, information with improper units and results announced as roughly 10, 100 or multiple times more noteworthy or littler than most of submitted results (Croucher, 2004); results detailed as not distinguished (n.d.); and results from members not citing a rate recuperation. Beside these non-substantial information, each report has the accompanying focuses to be considered for evacuation of non-legitimate information. Results for complete fat recorded with no reference to the utilization of a corrosive hydrolysis step; and nitrogen results that gave off an impression of being for protein for example results roughly a factor of 6 more noteworthy than most of results (Knaggs, 2004a). Results detailed as 0 ug/kg; results from members not citing a rate recuperation or expressing na, EXCEPT for absolute AF, where members submitted results that were the total of their recuperation rectified individual aflatoxins (Walker, 2005). Members revealing not distinguished and in this way doled out a consequence of 0g/kg; results from members whose recuperation is outside the range 70-110%; and results underneath the expressed LOQ incorporating results with no LOQ expressed (Leach, 2005). The estimation of p assesses the cutoff points ... t of 0g/kg; results from members whose recuperation is outside the range 70-110%; and results underneath the expressed LOQ incorporating results with no LOQ expressed (Leach, 2005). ii) Minimizing the impact of anomalies by the utilization of a powerful factual method to infer the mean iii) Normality (Kolmogorov - Smirnov test), or something else, of the dispersion of the outcomes is thought of. iv) Assessment of the standard vulnerability () of the powerful mean =/n, = the standard deviation of the powerful mean n = the quantity of information guides utilized toward figure the powerful mean B. Target Standard Deviation for the Round The estimation of p evaluates the constraints of a palatable execution in a FAPAS capability test (FAPAS, 2002). In situations where the estimation of p doesn't reflect best practice for the examinations being referred to, the prescient models of the suitable type of the Horwitz condition are significant markers of the best practice. This condition predicts a standard deviation from a given fixation (c) and expects c to be communicated as a dimensionless mass proportion (1ppm = 10-6 or % = 10-2) I) For analyte concentrations= (0.22c)/mr ii) For analyte fixations 120 ppb and 13.8% = (0.2c0.8495)/mr iii) For analyte fixations > 13.8 % = (0.01c0.5)/mr where, c = fixation (appointed worth), communicated as a dimensionless mass proportion mr = dimensionless mass proportion. In all reports, the was determined by the conditions above. In report 0141 anyway just the estimation of for the debris was assessed as such. The estimation of for dampness, all out fat, nitrogen and hydroxyproline was gotten from community preliminary information expecting a direct relationship : = (RSDR/100)c where, RSDR = Relative

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

MIH548 - Theory Based Research - Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example This is basically shown up at through deductive and inductive rationale and miserliness inside the cutoff points and areas of science and related normal presuppositions. It is to be recollected that examinations and perceptions produce information, and in some point there would be a requirement for cooperation among information and hypothesis, which drives the philosophy past the domain of deductive judiciousness to assortment of information and their understanding in such a way, that the entire issue can be reproduced (Wilson 1952). John Snow is renowned as a disease transmission specialist who previously exhibited definitively that cholera is really brought about by microorganisms, and he deductively settled that these living beings influence the people through transmission by food or water. His epidemiologic work is presently considered as the exemplary reference of current the study of disease transmission and has been named by Frost to be a â€Å"nearly impeccable model† (Morabia 2001). Snow’s chip away at cholera scourge in London would not have been conceivable without the logical ailment reconnaissance strategies ordered by Farr, which showed the significance of water gracefully in South London. In light of the information gathered by Farr, Snow could arrive at a decision about the causation of cholera pandemics in London. In view of the dissemination of mortality information from cholera, it was feasible for him to find the family units that were getting similarly cleaner water and hencefor th lesser frequency of the sickness and related demise rates (Morabia 2001). The need of a controlled test so as to embroil the water gracefully in the London cholera plague in 1848-1849 was comprehended by both, however Snow got a scholarly jump from the information gathered by Farr, through the basic strategy for gathering the family units dependent on a meaning of presentation to the causative operator. Regardless of the idea of controlled examination

Setting up and Managing a Data Warehouse

Setting up and Managing a Data Warehouse © Shutterstock.com | Andrey VPData warehousing is the use of relational database to maintain historical records and analyze data to understand better and improve business. In this article, we will look at 1) what is a data warehouse? 2) Data warehouse integration process, 3) setting up a data warehouse, 4) data warehouse components, 5) data warehouse backup, storage and tools, and 6) management tool providers for data warehousing.WHAT IS A DATA WAREHOUSE?Data warehouse databases are designed for query and analysis, not transactions. The data that is collected from various sources is separated into analytic and transaction workloads while enabling extraction, reporting, data mining and a number of different capabilities that transform the information into actionable, useful applications.The main data warehouse structures as listed in Docs.oracle.com are the basic architecture, which is a simple set up that allows end-users to directly access the data from numerous sources through the warehouse, a second architecture is a warehouse with a staging area that simplifies warehouse management and helps with cleaning and processing the data before it is loaded into the warehouse. And finally there is the architecture with both a staging area and a data mart. Data marts are used to create and maintain custom categories in organizations with specialized database designed for specific businesses, so for example if an organization had a data warehouse for sales, separate from advertising, then the data mart setup would best serve their needs.To further understand a data warehouse, it is important to look at its characteristics, which are subject orientation, integration, non-volatility, and time variance.Subject Oriented: This refers to when data is giving information on a particular subject. For example, a company could use data to analyze their company’s marketing data, and it’s effectiveness. The devotion of a data warehouse to a specific matter is the key componen t of a subject-oriented warehouse.Integrated: This is when data gathered from a number of disparaging sources, and then all gathered into a coherent whole. By organizing differing data into consistent formats, companies can resolve problems and inconsistencies among units of measurement and promote better results.Nonvolatile: This refers to data that remains stable and unaffected by new developments. Once entered into the system, this data should not change, ensuring comparison analysis over a long period of time.Time Variant: This refers to data gathered is identified with a particular time period and focuses on change over time. By using a large amount of data, spread over a long time period, analysts can decipher patterns, and business relationships that would have otherwise been overlooked. DATA WAREHOUSE INTEGRATION PROCESSThe whole purpose of data mining is to facilitate business analysis. And to accomplish this, raw data must be arranged and consolidated into an information b ase usable by the firm. This process is referred to as ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), which though it may seem like specified steps, is in opposition referring to a broader concept.ExtractionThis step in the process refers to removing the data from its source and making it accessible for further processing. All the needed data is retrieved without affecting the source system’s performance, response time or locking in a negative manner. This first step in the ETL process usually involves a cleaning phase in which data quality is ensured through data unification. The rules of unification should include things such as making identifiers unique such as gender categories, phone number, and zip code conversions into standard form and validation of address fields converted into the proper format.TransformationThis step applies a set of rules to change source data into similar dimensions so the same units of measurement can be used. This transformation step also joins data from a variet y of sources, generates aggregates, surrogate keys and applies validation and new values.LoadingThe loading phase is a two-part process of disabling constraints and indexes before the load process starts and then enables them once the load is completed. In this step, the target of the load process is often a database.SETTING UP A DATA WAREHOUSEThe main purpose of a data warehouse is to organize large amounts of stable data to be easily retrieved and analyzed. So when setting up, care must be taken to ensure the data is rapidly accessible and easily analyzed. One way of designing this system is with the use of dimensional modeling, which allows large volumes of data to be efficiently queried and examined. Since much of the data in warehouses is stable, that is, unchanging, there is hardly a need for repetitive backup methods. Also, once new data is loaded it can be updated and backed up right away by way of, in some cases, the data preparation database, so it becomes available for ea sy access.  According to Wisegeek.org, there are four categories of data warehousing tools; these are extraction, table management, query management and data integrity tools.  All these tools can be used in the setup and maintenance of the best technology to manage and store the huge amounts of data a company collects, analyzes and reviews.Company AnalysisThe first step, in setting up the company’s data warehouse, is to evaluate the firm’s objectives, For example, a growing company might set the objective to engage customers in building rapport. By examining what the company needs to do to achieve these tasks, what will need to be tracked, the key performance indicators to be noted and a numeric evaluation of the company’s activities the company can note and evaluate where they need to get started.Existing System AnalysisBy asking customers and various stakeholders pointed questions, Business Intelligence leaders can gather the performance information they currently have in place that is or isn’t effective. Reports can be collected from various departments in the company, and they may even be able to collect analytical and summary reports from analysts and supervisors.Information modeling of core business processesAn information model is conceptual, and allows for one to form ideas of what business processes need to be interrelating and how to get them linked. Since the data warehouse is a collection of correlating structures, creating a concept of what indicators need to be linked together to create top performance levels is a vital step in the information modeling stage. A simple way to design this model is to gather key performance indicators into fact tables and relate them to dimensions such as customers, salespeople, products and such.Design and TrackOnce all those concepts are set in place, the next critical step is to move data into the warehouse structure and track where it comes from and what it relates to. In this phase of design, it is cr ucial to plan how to link data in the separate databases so that the information can be connected as it is loaded into the data warehouse tables. The ETL process can be pretty complex and require specialized programs with sophisticated algorithms, so the right tools have to be chosen at the right, and most cost effective price for the job. Because the data is to be tracked over time, the data will need to be available for a very long period. However the grain (atoms or make up) of the data will defer over time, but the system should be set that the differing granularity is still consistent throughout the singular data structure.Implementation of the planOnce the plan is developed, there is a viable basis for scheduling the project. Because the project is grand, there should be phases of completion scheduled and then fit together upon completion. With careful planning, the system can provide much-needed information on how factors work together to help the organizations activities.Upd atesSince the data warehouse is set to retain data for long stretches at many levels of granularity and has already been set to be consistent throughout the system, in the design phase of the warehouse setup, there can be various storage plans that tie into the non-repetitive update. As an example, an IT manager could set up a week and monthly grain storage systems. In the day grain, data is stored in its original format for 2-3 years, after which it is summarized and moved to the weekly grain structure where it could remain for another 3-5 years and then finally to a monthly grain structure. Of course, this can all be set at the design phase to work with the different grains based on data age and be done automatically.DATA WAREHOUSE COMPONENTSSo as was the case in the design and set up phase of the warehouse, data was merged from varying sources into a single related database. And so far we have seen that the point of creating this warehouse structure is to retrieve information fas ter and more easily so a firm can market faster, create more revenue, improve service standards and manage industry changes. www.enicn.com reports that there is usually a mixture of current, instant, and unfiltered data streamed alongside more structured data, so there needs to be implemented a system of management of the various components.Load managementLoad management refers to the collection of information from varying internal and external sources and summarizing, manipulating and changing the data into a format that allows for analysis. To manage the load, raw data must be kept along with the changed versions to enable construction of different representations as needed.Warehouse managementWarehouse management is the day-by-day management of a data warehouse that ensures the information is available and effectively backed up and secure.Query ManagementQuery management allows access to the warehouse contents and may even include the tasks of separating information into various categories to be presented to different users. Users may access information through query tools or custom built applications.  DATA WAREHOUSE BACKUP, STORAGE TOOLSLike any other program, data warehouses can be tedious to design create and implement, so special measures should be in place to ensure the information is not lost.Backup and restorationAn automatic system should be put in place to ensure the information is secure and that if needed data can be restored quickly and with little or no negative alterations. The first and most vital step is to ensure the original information source is backed up and then following that a weekly backup of the entire warehouse as it could prove costly to have to recreate the entire system from scratch. The use of cold and multiplexing backup systems will ensure less need for restoration. However, a disaster recovery site should be made available for copies of all key system components. The simplest way to achieve this is using a system that auto matically creates copies and sends them to the disaster site. But there are systems that can copy hybrid database systems and create the backup if that is needed as well.Online and Offline storageData storage should be done both online and offline to avoid overwhelming the system or having “disk full” issues. With the system setup to store data in different granularity settings, one could stash older, raw data and unused or rarely used reports and multimedia offline. The implementation of hierarchical storage management (storing files automatically to a secondary source while allowing users access,) is a smart move after implementing the data warehouse setup.Storage ToolsThere are a few tools being created to rectify the storage issues that occur with data warehouses.Storage Manager takes care of all the storage objects such as file systems, database, network intelligence devices and disk and tape arrays. This system also collects data about data, performs administrative duties and among other things let you see the health of your data warehouse.Storage Optimizer is another product that can be used for recommendations of actions that will remove hot spots and improve online performance and reliability. It will also include actions to take for offline storage based on historical patterns.Storage Planner enables planning for large online and offline database capacity. This program focuses on large, international databases and warehouses.MANAGEMENT TOOL PROVIDERS FOR DATA WAREHOUSINGBusiness Objects Data IntegrationPreviously known as Actaworks, the data integration and ETL tool, is mainly used for data warehouse creation and building data mart architectures. A component of the Business Objects Business Intelligence suite, called Data Integrator, provides a user with opportunity of extraction and integration of data for analysis and reporting, as well as transforming and loading batch data (processing program that takes input and produces output files) from flat-file (database that when not in use is stored as an ordinary, nonindexed file). According to Help.sap.com, this program has three components Designer, Repositories and Job Savers.IBM WebSphere DataStage ETL ServicesThe highlights of this product boast that it allows for delivery of information from multiple sources, in multiple formats, no matter what volume, or time frame is required for processing. Another integration and transformation choice for IT specialist, this product claims to enable consistent rule application across various data structures.Ab Initio Software Corporation analysis, manipulation and processingThis software is for data processing applications provided through a user-friendly platform that takes care of data analysis, batch processing, data manipulation, extraction, transformation and loading processes. This kind of software is good for credit card networks, stock exchange businesses, banks, government agencies, insurance companies and Internet adverti sing organizations.SQL Server Integration Services warehouse building and managementAnother data integration platform is SQL Server Integration Service. It allows users to build enterprise-level data integration and transformation solutions. Integration services offer problem solving through email files, data warehouse updates, data mining, cleaning, and management. This program has automatic built-ins that perform tasks and manage the various packages embedded in the system and can be run without prior coding knowledge or expertise to create advanced business solutions. The other brilliant benefit of the SQL Server Integration Services program is that it covers a wide range of Business Intelligence needs without the need for expensive add-ons or learning new skills, because the skills needed to work with the product on the cloud and on the company’s premises are the same.

What Do Al Gore And Mount Pinatubo - 1136 Words

In â€Å"What do Al Gore and Mount Pinatubo Have in Common† Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner argue that global warming is a challenging problem to address and may not be caused by people; therefore, people are reluctant to act on something they do not understand. At the beginning of this essay, the authors write about global cooling and how people reacted to it (737). The text then goes into detail about the effects of global warming and carbon emissions. The authors then write about the emissions of cars and cows. Per the text cows are twenty-five times more toxic to the atmosphere appose to cars (738). After that, Levitt and Dubner discuss the issues around global warming and how it is controversial for a scientist to figure out†¦show more content†¦In high school, we would skim, read, annotate, and then discuss what we read in class. Applying the steps described in the reading process handout, I have been able to comprehend this essay in a more impactful way . Using step one in the reading handout, I could understand what the essay was about prior to reading about it. Steven D. Levitt is a young renown economics professor from the University of Chicago. The other author, Stephen J. Dubner, writes books from a variety of topics for children and adults. This essay was published in 2009 and comes from the book SuperFreakonomics: Global Cooling, Patriotic Prostitutes, and Why Suicide Bombers Should Buy Life Insurance. Based on the title of this essay I knew it was going to be about global warming. Al Gore is what gave that away. Finally, after skimming through the essay, I could tell that this was going to be about different views of global warming. I skimmed facts, different politicians, scientists, as well as information about global cooling. In the text, a few words were unfamiliar to me. â€Å"Climatologists are pessimistic that political leaders will take any positive action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (737). In this context, the term pessimistic i s used as an adjective to see things in a bad way (Webster). â€Å"Some scientists proposed radical warming solutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (738). The word radical was used as an adjective to mean complete (Webster). â€Å"as well as sheep and other cud-chewing animals calledShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ozone Depletion and the Environment1505 Words   |  7 Pagesman-made chlorine, and yet were still here. But this argument is false. Volcanic chlorine is water soluble, and rained harmlessly out of the atmosphere. Human CFCs are insoluble, and can therefore rise to the ozone layer where they can do their damage.       Do man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroy the ozone layer? There are no longer any skeptics left at NASA, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, or the World Meteorological Organization. InRead MoreHuman Activitiy Causes Climate Change Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesAn American vice president, Al Gore, said that while the reason behind dinosaurs’ extinction over 65 million years ago was because of a giant asteroid, the species that are dying out every minute of our lives are not just because of some havocs, but it is US-human (Al Gore, 2006, internet). We are destroying our world indirectly which means we do not just go and kill those entire animals, but what has caused their extinction is due to â€Å"Climate Change† that is the result of the Natural Causes and

unit 1 understanding the principles and practices of...

Unit 1: Understanding the principles and practices of assessment 1. Explain the functions of assessment in learning and development Assessment is to judge someone against set criteria to establish whether they are capable to perform a particular activity/job. Assessments can take many different forms i.e. assignments, oral and written questions or professional discussion all of which help to demonstrate the knowledge the individual has developed through learning, these all support the decision of whether the individual is competent or not. 2. Define the following four key concepts and principles of assessment Validity – the work submitted is appropriate and relevant to the unit. Authenticity – is the piece of work pure or genuine and†¦show more content†¦2. The learner is not at a disadvantage in anyway, do I need to take special considerations towards the learner i.e. do they have any additional learning needs. Does the learner have equal opportunities? 10. Considering the risks identified in Question 9, identify how an assessor could reduce these through the planning process? 1. The assessor could address this by speaking to line manager and asking for a copy of health and safety policy, for a HASP to be completed and whether they could carry out an observation. 2. The assessor could refer back to ILP and initial assessments to find out whether anything has been recorded with regards to the individuals learning background. 11. Why is it important to involve the learners in the assessment process? So they have a clear understanding of the qualification they are hoping to achieve and they are aware of their learner journey. It is also important as they can contribute to ways in which evidence can be gathered. 12. Why is it important to involve others in the assessment process? Give two examples of who you could include. It is important to involve others as they act as a reliable source to whether the learner performs consistently to the standard expected of them. A line manager, employer or colleague(that has better knowledge/experience) who works alongside the learner would be a suitable person to verify the competency of the learner. 13. List two typesShow MoreRelatedA New Revised Framework For Teachers Competency With Technology That Expands Mishra And Koeler s Tpack Framework867 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology integration practice is, more often than not, thought of as a set of pedagogical skills or strategies to simply utilize technology in pursuit of effective instruction. Given the omission of learning theory from the teacher competency framework, it thus may lead us to understand teacher competencies as merely a skill-based knowledge (i.e., teaching as a straightforward enterprise). 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Once verification has taken place, the assurer acts asRead MoreTaqa Level 3 in Assessing Candidates Vocational Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 2 Unit 301: Understanding the principles and practices of assessment.Unit 302: Assess occupational competence in the work environment.Unit 303: Assess vocational skills, knowledge and understanding. | Trainee Assessor Name | Assessor Trainer Name | | | In this evidence you will need to explain your understanding of the principles and requirements of your assessment practices. 1. Explain how peer and self assessment can be used to promote effective learnerRead MoreLearning Theory From The Classroom908 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology integration practice is, more often than not, thought of as a set of pedagogical skills or strategies to simply utilize technology in pursuit of effective instruction. 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The backward design process explained by Wiggins McTighe begins with the end in mind: â€Å"One starts with the end - the desired results (goals or standards)Read MoreUnit 14 Working with and Leading People1161 Words   |  5 PagesUNIT 14: WORKING WITH AND LEADING PEOPLE Unit 14: Unit code: QCF level: Credit value: Aim Working with and Leading People M/601/0908 5 15 credits The aim of this unit is to develop the skills and knowledge needed for working with and leading others, through understanding the importance of recruiting the right people for the job. Unit abstract An organisation’s success depends very much on the people working in it, and recruiting the right people is a key factor. Organisations withRead MoreDementia: Learning and Assessment Criteria Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesUnit Title: Unit sector reference: Level: Credit value: Guided learning hours: Unit expiry date: Unit accreditation number: Understand the diversity of individuals with dementia and the importance of inclusion DEM 310 3 3 23 31/03/2015 Y/601/3544 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who provide care or support to individuals with dementia in a wide range of settings. The unit covers the concepts of equality, diversity and inclusion that are fundamental to person centred care practice

The Tried and True Method for Where Can I Buy a Paper for College in Step by Step Detail

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NEA vetoes unleash protests, walkouts Essay Example For Students

NEA vetoes unleash protests, walkouts Essay Escalating controversy leaves the Endowment in disarray Within just two weeks of assuming her position, the new acting chairman of the National Edowment for the Arts sparked a new round of controversy for the agency, creating a volatile atmosphere just as its annual congressional appropriations process was getting underway. Anne-Imelda Radice, who took over the NEAs leadership on May 1 following John Frohnmayers forced resignation, wasted no time in letting it be known that she meant for the beleaguered NEA to regain the confidence of the American people and their representatives in Congress, and that, in doing so, she viewed her role and the agencys funding policy quite differently than did her predecessors. After telling a congressional subcommittee that she would use her authority to veto grants for work that she feels has difficult subject matter or flies in the face of deeply held religious beliefs, she illustrated her words by turning down two Museum Program grants. At press time, her veto of the grantswhose funding had been strongly recommended by both the National Council on the Arts and an Endowment review panelhad set off a chain reaction that prompted two other review panels, including the Theater Programs solo theatre artists fellowship panel, to suspend deliberations in unprecedented acts of protest, unleashing a barrage of press coverage and public response. Beyond excellence Radicethe former chief arts adviser at the U.S. Information Agencys Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs prior to her appointment as the NEAs chief deputy a year agopresided over her first National Council on the Arts meeting in early May. The council approved panel recomendations for more than 1,100 grants at the quarterly meeting, including $10,000 recommended by the Museum Programs special exhibitions panel to the List Visual Arts Center of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The grant was to support Corporal Politics, an exhibition examining sexism and other social problems through metaphorical depictions of human body parts, including genitalia. Following pointed deliberation over the potentially controversial application, the council voted 11-to-1 to support it. The following week, Radice testified before the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee, chaired by Rep. Sidney Yates (D-III.). When asked by Rep. Yates whether artistic excellence should remain the primary criterion for awarding NEA grants, Radice replied, Excellence is more than technical ability or trendiness or expression of social concerns. There are the concerns of the taxpayer, the concerns of Congress, as well. If we find a proposal that does not have the widest audienceeven though it may havee been done very sincerely and with the highest intentions, we just cant afford to fund that, she said at another point in her testimony. Radice avowed her willingness to overrule panel recommendations and veto grants for sexually explicit or other controversial works, suggesting that they could be funded by the private sector rather than with taxpayer dollars. She indicated that she considers neither the controversial homoerotic photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe nor the graphic poem Wild Thing, written in the fictitious voice on one of the teenagers involved in the Central Park jogger rape, suitable for federal funding. The Endowment grants for a Mapplethorpe retrospective and a literary journal that published the poem were among the more controversial grants made since the beginning of the federal funding debate three years ago. Overruling both panel and council recommendations just a week after the hearings, Radice exercised her veto power on the recommended grant to the List Visual Arts Center, as well as one to the Anderson Gallery at Virginia Commonwealth University, also for $10,000, for a proposed photography and video exhibition entitled Anonymity and Identity that was to include a work that incorporates more than 100 tiny photographs, one of which is of a penis. Dialogue in Bethlehem EssayThe controversy gained another dimension when the popular rock group Aerosmith staged a press conference at the List Center in Cambridge, denouncing the Radice vetoes and donating $10,000 to support the Corporal Politics exhibit. Were angered to see and personal freedom erode, Aerosmith said in a prepared statement. Jon Robin Baitz, recipient of a 1992 NEA playwriting fellowship of $15,000, followed suit a week later, announcing two donations to the List Center and the Anderson Gallery equalling the amount of his own grant. In a letter announcing the gifts, Baitz declared, I simply will not be complicit with faux-moralist sharpies of the right nor with psychosexual hysterics in the cultural sacking of this country. As the acts of solidarity and protest escalated, NEA review panelist Murray N. DePillars, dean of Virginia Commonwealth Universitys arts school, resigned from the panel, and Beacon Press of Boston and the Artist Trust of Seattle decided to refuse funding from the agency. Our integrity is worth more than $39.000, stated Beacon Press director Wendy Strothman. In addition, NEA general counsel Amy Sabrin resigned in a move believed to be the result of disagreement with Radices congressional testimony. Ironically, National Council member Donald Hall, the New Hampshire poet who was prevented by illness from attending the May meeting at which the two controversial Museum Program grants were considered, had sent a letter to his fellow council members prior to the meeting, strissing the importance of the councils acceptance of review panel recommendations. I think it is useless to overturn the judgment of panels in the attempt to be expedient, in the hope that we may appease bigots and art-bashers, he wrote. When we pay tribute to a bully, a bully demands more. Because attacks on the NEA are disingenous and hypocritical, answering the letter of an attack accomplishes nothing.